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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 35(1): 67-69, Mar. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-832978

ABSTRACT

A warfarina é amplamente utilizada na condução de pacientes com patologias cardiovasculares, apesar do risco de sangramentos potencialmente graves. Quando tais sangramentos ocorrem, é necessária rápida reversão da anticoagulação. No presente relato descreve-se um paciente que desenvolveu hematoma subdural espontâneo associado ao uso de warfarina, necessitando intervenção cirúrgica emergencial. É dada ênfase aos mecanismos de produção deste fenômeno e à sua condução clínica.


Warfarin is widely used on the treatment of cardiovascular pathology, although there are risks of potentially lethal bleeding. When such bleeding occurs, it is imperative a rapid reversal of anticoagulation. A case of a spontaneous subdural hematoma during the use of warfarin and requiring emergent surgical treatment is reported. Emphasis is given to the mechanisms of this phenomenon and its clinical conduction.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Hematoma, Subdural/drug therapy , Hematoma, Subdural/etiology , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Warfarin/adverse effects , Warfarin/therapeutic use
2.
Cir. & cir ; 78(3): 203-208, mayo-jun. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-565603

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El hematoma subdural crónico frecuentemente tiene como antecedente un traumatismo craneoencefálico; su incidencia es de cinco por cada 100 mil personas mayores de 70 años. El objetivo es presentar la experiencia con la evacuación del hematoma a través de un trépano, con irrigación y colocación de un sistema de drenaje por aspiración de circuito cerrado, bajo anestesia local. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos y radiológicos de pacientes adultos atendidos por hematoma subdural crónico entre 1999 y 2008, con diagnóstico corroborado mediante tomografía axial computarizada, sometidos a drenaje y a quienes se les realizó la técnica descrita. Resultados: Fueron operados 17 pacientes, con edad promedio de 72 años, todos del sexo masculino y con antecedente traumático, 14 sufrieron caída y tres agresión. El tiempo promedio entre el traumatismo y el inicio de los síntomas fue de seis semanas. De acuerdo con la escala de Markwalder, al ingreso 65% se encontraba en grado I, 29% en grado II y 6% en grado III. En la tomografía axial computarizada los hematomas fueron hipodensos y unilaterales en su mayoría. En cuanto al efecto de masa, según la escala de Gordon-Firing, 82% estuvo comprendido en los grados II y III. Conclusiones: El tratamiento del hematoma subdural crónico mediante un orificio de trépano, irrigación y colocación de sistema de drenaje por aspiración de circuito cerrado, bajo anestesia local, es un procedimiento sencillo, seguro y eficaz.


BACKGROUND: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is usually a cranial encephalic trauma present in 1/100,000 cases in subjects >70 years old. We undertook this study to report the experience obtained in the treatment of CSH using the technique of evacuation of the hematoma through a burr hole, irrigation and closed system drainage under local anesthesia. METHODS: We performed a retrospective and descriptive study from 1999 to 2008. Files of clinical and radiological diagnoses of adult patients with CSH were reviewed and corroborated with computed axial tomography (CAT) and who were subjected to drainage of the CSH. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were surgically intervened (average age: 72 years). All patients were male and there was a history of trauma in all. Three of the 17 patients had been subjected to an aggression. The average time between injury and symptom onset was 6 weeks. According to the scale of Markwalder, 65% were classified as grade I, 29% as grade II and 6% as grade III. According to CAT, most of the bruises were hypodense and unilateral. As to the effect of the mass according to the scale of Gordon-Firing, 82% were classified as grades II and III. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of CSH through a burr hole, irrigation and closed system drainage under local anesthesia is simple, safe and effective.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Trephining , Retrospective Studies
3.
JCPSP-Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 2009; 19 (8): 492-495
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-97259

ABSTRACT

To determine the effect of position of the patient's head after burr hole craniostomy on the outcome of chronic subdural haematoma, in terms of haematoma efflux, hospital stay and recurrence rate. Quasi experimental. Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from February 2007 to February 2008. Sixty patients were divided in two equal groups of 30 patients each. Group A patients were kept flat after the burr hole craniostomy and group B patients were kept with head end of bed elevated by 30°. The results were statistically analysed through software SPSS 14. The mean age was 59.98 +/- 13.7 years. There was predominance of males [M:F=3.2:1]. The location of haematoma was frontoparietal in majority [72%], right sided in 31 [51.6%], left sided in 20 [30%] and bilateral in 9 [15%] patients. Average daily output was 152 ml in group A and 142 ml in group B. Haematoma efflux was found to be sufficient in 26 [86.6%] patients of group A and 27 [90%] of group B. Wound infection occurred in 2 patients of group A and 1 in group B. Seizures occurred in 2 patients of group A and 3 of group B. Although, there was longer hospital stay for group A vs. group B [p=0.002], recurrence rate was insignificant amongst the two groups as 10% vs. 13% [p=0.688]. Assuming a 30° head up position soon after operation in cases of chronic subdural haematoma does not significantly affect the outcome and recurrence


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Trephining , Treatment Outcome , Craniotomy , Patient Positioning
5.
J. bras. med ; 94(6): 32-35, jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-532648

ABSTRACT

O traumatismo craniencefálico pode resultar em lesões intracranianas difusas ou focais, representando afecções traumatoógicas graves, em parte necessitando de atendimento e conduta neurocirúrgica de emergência. As principais lesões focais de indicação cirúrgica são os hematomas epidurais, os hematomas subdurais agudos e as contusões cerebrais. Há ainda controvérsias sobre o tratamento em muitas situações. Os autores realizaram revisão da literatura descrevendo os princípios do tratamento cirúrgico de lesões focais secundárias ao trauma de crânio.


Head trauma presents in some cases, intracranial lesions, diffuse and focal. The more important lesions are acute epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma and brain contusions. There is controversy about the surgical treatment. In this study, the authors describe a critical review of literature about principles for surgical management for focal lesions by head trauma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic/surgery , Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic/physiopathology , Craniocerebral Trauma/surgery , Cerebral Angiography , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/surgery , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/therapy , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Hematoma, Subdural/therapy
7.
Afr. j. neurol. sci. (Online) ; 24(2): 33-39, 2005.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1257401

ABSTRACT

Introduction : L'hematome extra dural (HED) est une urgence chirurgicale majeure. Son diagnostic et sa prise en charge dans les pays en voie de developpement se heurtent a des difficultes inherentes a la fois a la modestie des plateaux techniques et au cout trop onereux des soins pour des malades souvent demunis; sans systeme d'entraide national. Objectif : Le but de cette etude est d'etablir le profil epidemiologique des patients victimes d'un HED a Yaounde; de relever les difficultes dans la prise en charge et d'evaluer les resultats a court et a moyen terme.Patients et Methodes Il s'agit d'une etude descriptive allant de Janvier 1999 a Decembre 2004. Tous les patients pris en charge (trousse neurochirurgicale d'urgence) pour un hematome extra dural dans l'une des formations hospitalieres de Yaounde ont ete inclus. Resultats : Sur les 38 patients recrutes; le sexe masculin etait preponderant avec un sexe ratio de 3.8/1. L'age moyen etait de 24;5 ans (extreme allant de 3 a 48 ans). Les accidents de la voie publique constituaient l'etiologie la plus frequente (55;3des cas). Le traitement chirurgical etait principalement une craniotomie (81;1des patients operes). Le traitement medical avant la chirurgie etait variable. Le GOS dans le collectif etait evalue a 5 (2 patients decedes); 2 (4 patients avec des sequelles) et 1 (32 patients avec une recuperation complete). Conclusion : Ce travail demontre l'interet de disposer d'une trousse neurochirurgicale d'urgence pour une prise en charge optimale dans notre contexte


Subject(s)
Health Systems , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery
8.
Neurobiologia ; 61(4): 121-8, out.-dez. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-261061

ABSTRACT

É apresentada a revisão de 100 casos de hematoma subdural crônico tratados cirurgicamente no período compreendido entre 1985 e 1994. São analisados os aspectos clínicos e tomográficos, assim como a relação do trauma cranioencefálico com os fatores de prognóstico. Cerca de 66,0 por cento dos pacientes sofreram traumatismo cranioencefálico e, destes, 15 por cento estavam sendo acompanhados em ambulatório. A presença de hematoma subdural crônico foi detectada precocemente por meio da tomografia computadorizada do crânio nesses casos. Os pacientes acima dos 65 anos apresentaram maiores índices de morbidade e de recidiva. Os achados tomográficos foram variados, observando-se imagens isodensas, hiperdensas e hipodensas e mesmo imagens de dupla densidade. É ressaltada a importância do acompanhamento ambulatorial dos pacientes com traumatismo craniano, assim como a realização da tomografia computadorizada do crânio


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Chronic Disease , Hematoma, Subdural/diagnosis
9.
P. R. health sci. j ; 17(3): 227-33, Sept. 1998. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-234832

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to study the epidemiology of chronic and subacute subdural hematoma in an adult population and associated factors such as treatment, recurrence, seizures, complications, and outcome. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 267 consecutive cases operated for a suspected diagnosis of chronic or subacute subdural hematoma during a six-year period. RESULTS: An incorrect diagnosis was done in 12 of the cases (4.5 per cent) giving a total of 255 cases of chronic or subacute subdural hematoma. The mean age of the patients was 68-year old. Two-thirds of the cases were chronic and one-third were subacute. A history of head trauma was identified in 79 per cent of the patients occurring more frequently in the subacute group. The hematoma was bilateral in 16 per cent of the patients. Recurrence occurred in 7.8 per cent of the cases, but there was no significant difference between chronic and subacute cases nor the type of operation done. Postoperative seizures occurred in 6.2 per cent of the cases. Preoperative seizures are not associated to the development of postoperative seizures. A postoperative intracerebral hematoma occurred in 2.7 per cent of the patients and was associated in most of the cases with a poor outcome. The morbidity rate was 9 per cent and the mortality rate was 0.9 per cent. Outcome is good in 95 per cent of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic subdural hematoma occurs more frequently than subacute subdural hematoma. Surgical treatment modality and the use of a drain do not change the recurrence rate. Preoperative seizures are not associated to the development of postoperative seizures. The use of postoperative prophylactic antiepileptic drugs does not decrease the postoperative seizure rate even in the alcoholic patient, therefore, their prophylactic use is not indicated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Hematoma, Subdural/epidemiology , Age Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Hematoma, Subdural/complications , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Seizures/etiology , Treatment Outcome
10.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 36(2): 129-33, abr.-jun. 1998. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-263731

ABSTRACT

La cirugía en hematomas intracerebrales espontáneos es aún un tema de gran controversia pese a los numerosos estudios publicados en la literatura. Se realizó una encuesta en el XXVII Congreso Latinoamericano de Neurocirugía, realizado en Honduras en el mes de octubre de 1996, en donde se preguntó sobre criterios empleados en la indicación de cirugía por los encuestados. Fueron analizadas las siguientes variables: localización, lateralidad, tamaño, nivel de conciencia y desviación de línea media en la tomografía computada (TC). La encuesta fue respondida por 118 neurocirujanos pertenecientes a 18 países latinoamericanos, 82 por ciento titulados y 18 por ciento residentes. Se encontraron algunas tendencias como operar los hematomas talámicos, controvertida la cirugía en hematomas putaminales, operar a los pacientes en sopor con volumen del hematoma con volumen del hematoma entre 20 y 80 cc y con desviación de la línea media en la TC mayor de 5 mm. Pese a tales tendencias generales no se encontró uniformidad de criterios entre los encuestados


Subject(s)
Humans , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/surgery , Data Collection/methods
11.
Pakistan Journal of Neurology. 1998; 4 (1): 25-29
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-49244

ABSTRACT

A study of chronic subdural haematomas seen in 31 patients over 5 years at Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, is presented. All haematomas were drained through burr-holes. Two patients had reaccumulation of the haematoma, one had pneumocephalus and another developed seizures. The results were satisfactory in over 85% of patients. CSH most commonly occurs in elderly males. It can be treated satisfactorily by drainage through burr-holes with minimal morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is important as poor results are directly related to neurological condition of the patient at presentation. The clinician should advise CT scan of brain in all suspected cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Hematoma, Subdural/complications , Risk Factors
12.
Arch. neurociencias ; 2(4): 289-93, oct.-dic. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227210

ABSTRACT

El hematoma subdural continua siendo un grave problema quirúrgico tanto por su frecuencia como por el gran número de pacientes que requieren tratamiento para esta condición. Diversas técnicas han sido empleadas a través de los años para mejorar esta condición se considera importante evaluar tres técnicas quirúrgicas en el manejo de esta entidad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Hematoma, Subdural/therapy , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Blood Coagulation Factors/therapeutic use , Fibrinolysis/physiology
13.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 16(4): 195-9, dez. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-209666

ABSTRACT

O hematoma subdural agudo inter-hemisférico em adultos constitui entidade rara na literatura sendo coletados, até o momento, 67 casos. Ocorre predominantemente em idosos e/ou pacientes com distúrbios de hemostasia, incluído o etilismo. O aspecto tomográfico caracteriza-se por uma hiperdensidade inter-hemisférica com borda lateral convexa. O quadro clínico é variável: cefaléia, crises convulsivas, hemiparesia, monoparesia, afasia, ataxia e distúrbios cognitivos. A conduta terapêutica, cirúrgica ou näo, é controversa e dependente da evoluçäo do paciente. Os autores apresentam 4 casos, discutindo aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Hematoma, Subdural , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
14.
J. bras. neurocir ; 7(2): 5-10, maio-ago. 1996.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-181222

ABSTRACT

A realizaçäo de trepanaçöes e craniotomias em pacientes com traumatismo craniencefálico grave com os objetivos de diagnosticar e de drenar hematomas intracranianos era uma prática conhecida de todos os neurocirurgiöes antes da angiografia. Posteriormente, ela passou a ser usada com menor freqüência, restrita aos casos de pacientes com traumatismo craniencefálico grave com processos expansivos de evoluçäo rápida, com o objetivo de descomprimir rapidamente o tronco cerebral. Após o advento da tomografia computadorizada, esta prática passou a ser discutível frente à rapidez com que se pode obter o diagnóstico preciso de lesöes expansivas intracranianas, extra e intracerebrais. A análise da literatura permite a conclusäo que apenas em poucas situaçöes em que o paciente é atendido inicialmente com sinais evolutivos de compressäo do tronco cerebral ou quando o paciente necessita de tratamento cirúrgico de emergência por lesöes extracranianas, as trepanaçöes exploradoras podem ser justificadas sem tomografia computadorizada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Injuries/complications , Brain Injuries/surgery , Brain Stem/injuries , Craniotomy , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/diagnosis , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/surgery , Hematoma, Subdural/diagnosis , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Trephining
15.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 54(2): 238-44, jun. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-172047

ABSTRACT

Apresentamos uma série consecutiva de 110 pacientes com hematoma subdural agudo traumático (HSDA) admitidos no serviço de emergência do HBDF no período de 1(-janeiro a 1(-dezembro-1994. Todos os pacientes foram atendidos de acordo com o mesmo protocolo. Houve predominância do sexo masculino (79 por cento), com idade variando entre 14 e 70 anos, sendo os atropelamentos (34 por cento) e os acidentes automobilísticos (20 por cento) as causas mais comuns. A maioria dos pacientes (85,7 por cento) foi admitida muito grave, com 8 pontos ou menos na Escala de Coma Glasgow (ECG), o que influenciou diretamente na mortalidade. A tomografia computadorizada de crânio foi o exame diagnóstico de escolha que mostrou serem as contusoes e o inchaço cerebral ("swelling") as lesoes intracranianas associadas mais frequentes. A cirurgia foi realizada em 45,1 por cento dos pacientes, e, em sua maioria, através de craniotomia fronto-têmporo-parietal ampla, com drenagem do hematoma, seguida de plástica da dura-mater. Em 54,9 por cento as condiçoes clínicas nao permitiram a realizaçao da cirurgia; neste grupo, cerca de 69,6 por cento estavam em coma profundo à admissao, com 3 pontos na ECG. A letalidade, incluindo todos os pacientes cirurgicos e nao cirurgicos com HSDA, mesmo aqueles admitidos já com sinais de falência de tronco cerebral, foi de 79,5 por cento. Além destes pacientes que faleceram, cerca de 7 por cento evoluíram sem sequelas ou com sequelas mínimas; outros 11,4 por cento com sequelas de moderadas a graves e 2,1 por cento permaneceram em estado vegetativo persistente. Nossos dados estao de acordo com os da literatura no que se refere a elevada taxa de morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes com HSDA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hematoma, Subdural/mortality , Accidents , Age Factors , Glasgow Coma Scale , Head Injuries, Closed/complications , Hematoma, Subdural/etiology , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
16.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 54(1): 71-4, mar. 1996. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-164057

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam 35 casos com diagnóstico de hematoma subdural crônico, operados no período de janeiro-1988 a março-1995. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 19 e 80 anos. Foram eles agrupados retrospectivamente segundo a escala de Bender. Quanto ao tratamento cirúrgico, foram empregadas duas técnicas: craniotomia com membranectomia e dupla trepanaçao com instilaçao de soluçao salina na cavidade ocupada pelo hematoma. O índice de mortalidade entre os pacientes submetidos à craniotomia foi 16,6 por cento e nos pacientes submetidos à trepanaçao foi nulo. Dentre os pacientes que faleceram, 80 por cento encontravam-se em grau III ou IV na escala de Bender. O hematoma subdural crônico apresenta até os dias atuais alguns aspectos controversos, como quanto à sua fisiopatologia e ao tratamento cirúrgico adequado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Craniotomy/mortality , Drainage/mortality , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Trephining/mortality
17.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1996 Jan; 94(1): 7-10
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-100439

ABSTRACT

Several methods of treatment, both surgical and conservative have been tried for subdural haematoma. No single method is perhaps applicable to all the cases and an individualised treatment is necessary. This review comprising 100 patients of which 26 with subacute and 74 with chronic subdural haematoma attempts to evaluate the experience with different surgical techniques at one centre in order to highlight some guiding principles in the treatment. There were 91 males and 9 females. Thirty patients had right sided, 52 had left sided and 18 had bilateral haematomas. So in a total of 118 haematomas, 84 were initially treated by twist-drill craniotomy, 9 with burr-hole operation and 8 with craniotomy. Seventeen patients were treated conservatively without any surgical intervention. The stepwise escalation (twist-drill, burr-hole and then craniotomy) in surgical procedures were adopted in failure cases, the simpler procedure being followed by more severe ones. Six patients died in this series. Fifty-one patients were followed up to a period of one year with a recurrence in 9 cases. Seven patients with a follow-up for 2 years and 3 patients up to 2-4 years had no recurrence detected.


Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Craniotomy , Female , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome
18.
In. Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social. Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Memorias. Congreso de Aniversario. Cuidando la Salud de los Trabajadores. Quito, IESS, 1996. p.166-7.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-188745
19.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 11(3): 121-6, set. 1992. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-143830

ABSTRACT

Entre janeiro de 1989 e junho de 1991 foram operados no Serviço de Neurocirurgia do Hospital Cristo Redentor (Porto Alegre-RS) 22 pacientes com hematoma subdural crônico (HSDC). Foram empregadas duas formas de abordagem: craniotomia com membranectomia e trepanaçäo simples (burr-hole. As controvérsias no tratamento cirúrgico, na formaçäo e no desenvolvimento deste hematomas foram revisadas na literatura disponível, sendo comparadas aos resultados encontrados pelos autores


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Chronic Disease , Craniotomy , Hematoma, Subdural/etiology , Recurrence , Trephining
20.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 6(10): 31-5, 1992.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-138001

ABSTRACT

Se investigan las posibles causas de complicaciones hemorrágicas intracerebrales secundarias a la evacuación de colecciones líquidas intracraneanas, tomando como modelo clínico el hematoma subdural crónico y se postula la preexistencia de una angiopatía cerebral de base para este fenómeno, especialmente referido a personas sobre 65 años de edad, hipertensos, con elementos clínicos de deterioro sicorgánico. Se comenta además la posible gravitación de la técnica quirúrgica empleada para el vaciamiento


Subject(s)
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/physiopathology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Hematoma, Subdural/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology
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